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Access Control

A security technique that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.

Understanding Access Control


Access control is a fundamental security concept that governs how users interact with systems and data. It implements the principle of least privilege, ensuring users have only the access rights necessary for their roles while protecting against unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure of resources.

Types of Access Control


1. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

  • Owner-based access control model

  • Owners determine access rights for their resources

  • Flexible but potentially less secure

  • Common in operating systems like Windows

2. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

  • System-enforced access control

  • Based on security labels and clearance levels

  • Highly structured and rigid

  • Used in high-security environments

3. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

  • Access rights based on user roles

  • Simplified administration and management

  • Scalable for large organizations

  • Supports principle of least privilege

4. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

  • Dynamic, context-aware access decisions

  • Based on user, resource, and environment attributes

  • Highly flexible and granular control

  • Suitable for complex environments

Implementation Components


1. Authentication Mechanisms

  • Username/password combinations

  • Multi-factor authentication

  • Biometric verification

  • Single sign-on systems

2. Authorization Systems

  • Access control lists (ACLs)

  • Security groups

  • Permission matrices

  • Policy enforcement points

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