Access Control
A security technique that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.
Understanding Access Control
Access control is a fundamental security concept that governs how users interact with systems and data. It implements the principle of least privilege, ensuring users have only the access rights necessary for their roles while protecting against unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure of resources.
Types of Access Control
1. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
Owner-based access control model
Owners determine access rights for their resources
Flexible but potentially less secure
Common in operating systems like Windows
2. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
System-enforced access control
Based on security labels and clearance levels
Highly structured and rigid
Used in high-security environments
3. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Access rights based on user roles
Simplified administration and management
Scalable for large organizations
Supports principle of least privilege
4. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)
Dynamic, context-aware access decisions
Based on user, resource, and environment attributes
Highly flexible and granular control
Suitable for complex environments
Implementation Components
1. Authentication Mechanisms
Username/password combinations
Multi-factor authentication
Biometric verification
Single sign-on systems
2. Authorization Systems
Access control lists (ACLs)
Security groups
Permission matrices
Policy enforcement points