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Authentication

The process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system before granting access.

Understanding Authentication


Authentication serves as the first line of defense in information security, acting as a gatekeeper for access to systems and data. It verifies identity through various factors and methods, establishing trust before granting access privileges.

Authentication Factors


1. Knowledge Factors (Something You Know)

  • Passwords and passphrases

  • Personal Identification Numbers (PINs)

  • Security questions

  • Pattern locks

2. Possession Factors (Something You Have)

  • Security tokens

  • Smart cards

  • Mobile devices

  • Hardware keys (FIDO/U2F)

3. Inherence Factors (Something You Are)

  • Fingerprints

  • Facial recognition

  • Retinal scans

  • Voice recognition

Implementation Technologies


1. Password-Based Systems

  • Hashing algorithms

  • Salt implementation

  • Password policies

  • Account lockout mechanisms

2. Biometric Systems

  • Enrollment processes

  • Template storage

  • Matching algorithms

  • False acceptance/rejection rates

3. Token-Based Systems

  • Time-based one-time passwords (TOTP)

  • Hardware security keys

  • Software tokens

  • Certificate-based authentication

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