Cryptography

The practice of securing communication and data using encryption and decryption techniques.

Understanding Cryptography

Cryptography is the practice of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format to prevent unauthorized access. It ensures confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation through encryption, hashing, and digital signatures. Cryptography is essential for protecting sensitive data in digital communication, financial transactions, and cybersecurity applications.

Types of Cryptography

Symmetric Cryptography

Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption.
Faster and more efficient for bulk data encryption.
Examples: AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard).
Requires a secure method for key exchange.

2. Asymmetric Cryptography

Uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
More secure for key exchange but computationally slower.
Examples: RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography).
Commonly used in digital signatures and secure web communications.

Common Applications

Data Encryption: Protects sensitive files, databases, and communications.
Digital Signatures: Ensures document authenticity and prevents forgery.
Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: Provides security for decentralized transactions.
Authentication Systems: Used in secure login mechanisms and two-factor authentication.