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Fileless Malware

Malicious code that operates in memory without writing files to disk, making it harder to detect.

Understanding Fileless Malware


Unlike conventional malware, which leaves detectable traces on disk, fileless malware executes directly from memory, making it extremely difficult to detect using traditional antivirus or signature-based methods. Attackers exploit living-off-the-land techniques (LotL) to abuse legitimate system utilities and avoid detection.

Attack Vectors for Fileless Malware


  1. Memory-Resident Exploits – Executes payloads in RAM without writing files to disk.

  2. PowerShell or WMI Attacks – Uses script-based attacks to automate malicious operations.

  3. Registry-Based Persistence – Stores malicious code in the Windows registry for execution on reboot.

  4. DLL Injection and Code Injection – Injects malicious code into trusted system processes.

Best Practices to Defend Against Fileless Malware


1. Restrict Execution of Scripting Tools

  • Disable unnecessary use of PowerShell, WMI, and macros.

2. Use Behavioral-Based Endpoint Detection

  • Implement EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response) solutions that detect anomalous memory activity.

3. Enable Advanced Logging and Monitoring

  • Analyze system logs for suspicious process injections and registry modifications.

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