Ransomware
Malicious software that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption.
Understanding Ransomware
Ransomware attacks typically follow a structured pattern:
Infection – The malware gains access to the system via phishing emails, malicious downloads, exploit kits, or RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) vulnerabilities.
Encryption – The ransomware encrypts important files using strong cryptographic algorithms, making them unusable.
Ransom Demand – Attackers display a ransom note demanding payment (usually in cryptocurrency) in exchange for a decryption key.
Payment or Recovery – Victims must decide whether to pay the ransom (which is risky and not guaranteed to work) or attempt recovery through backups and security measures.
Types of Ransomware
Ransomware comes in different forms, each with distinct attack mechanisms:
Crypto Ransomware – Encrypts files and demands payment for the decryption key (e.g., LockBit, Ryuk, WannaCry).
Locker Ransomware – Locks users out of their systems but doesn’t encrypt files (e.g., Police Locker Ransomware).
Double Extortion Ransomware – Not only encrypts files but also exfiltrates sensitive data, threatening to release it if the ransom isn’t paid (e.g., Maze, REvil).
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) – Cybercriminals rent ransomware kits to other hackers, making attacks more accessible (e.g., DarkSide, Conti).
Wiper Ransomware – Masquerades as ransomware but permanently destroys data instead of encrypting it (e.g., NotPetya).
Conclusion
Ransomware remains one of the most serious cybersecurity threats, with evolving tactics and growing financial impacts. Preventative measures, strong security protocols, and an effective response strategy are essential in mitigating the risks posed by ransomware attacks.