top of page

Zero-Knowledge Proofs

A cryptographic method allowing one party to prove knowledge of a value without revealing the value itself.

Understanding Zero-Knowledge Proofs


A Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is a cryptographic method that allows one party (prover) to prove to another party (verifier) that they know a specific piece of information without revealing the actual information. It ensures privacy and security in authentication and blockchain transactions.

Key Properties of Zero-Knowledge Proofs


  1. Completeness – If the statement is true, the verifier will be convinced.

  2. Soundness – If the statement is false, the verifier will not be fooled.

  3. Zero-Knowledge – The verifier learns nothing except that the statement is true.

How Zero-Knowledge Proofs Work

  1. Setup – The prover and verifier agree on a challenge.

  2. Proof Generation – The prover uses cryptographic techniques to generate proof.

  3. Verification – The verifier checks the proof without knowing the underlying data.

Types of Zero-Knowledge Proofs


  • zk-SNARKs (Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) – Used in Zcash for fast and compact proofs.

  • zk-STARKs (Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) – More scalable and transparent, used in Ethereum scaling solutions.

  • Interactive ZKPs – Requires back-and-forth interaction between prover and verifier.

  • Non-Interactive ZKPs – No interaction needed; proof is generated and verified independently.

bottom of page