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Cyber Terminologies and Fundamentals

Definitions 

Network Segmentation

Dividing a network into isolated segments to improve security and limit attack spread.

Non-Repudiation

Ensuring that actions or communications cannot be denied by the sender.

Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)

An advanced firewall integrating deep packet inspection and threat prevention.

Null Session Attack

Exploiting unauthenticated SMB connections to access network resources.

Network Traffic Analysis (NTA)

Monitoring and analyzing network data to detect threats and anomalies.

Nmap Scanning

A network scanning tool used to discover hosts, services, and vulnerabilities.

Nation-State Threat Actors

Cyber adversaries sponsored by governments to conduct espionage or attacks.

NFC Security

Measures to protect Near Field Communication (NFC) from unauthorized access and exploits.

Network Anomaly Detection

Identifying unusual network activity that may indicate cyber threats.

NTLM Hash Cracking

Exploiting weaknesses in NTLM authentication to retrieve hashed passwords.

Near Field Communication (NFC) Exploits

Attacks leveraging NFC vulnerabilities to steal data or inject malware.

Network Access Control (NAC)

Security policies that regulate device access to a network.

Null Byte Injection

A web security attack that manipulates input to bypass application filters.

Network Isolation

Restricting communication between network segments to contain threats.

NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection System)

A system that monitors network traffic for malicious activity.

Nonce-based Encryption

A cryptographic method using a unique value (nonce) to prevent replay attacks.

Network Security Policy Enforcement

Implementing rules and controls to safeguard network assets.

N-Day Exploits

Attacks leveraging publicly known but unpatched vulnerabilities.

NAT Slipstreaming

A technique to bypass network firewalls and access internal devices.

NIST Cybersecurity Framework

A set of guidelines for improving cybersecurity risk management.

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